Geometrical optics mirror and lenses outline reflection plane mirrors concaveconvex mirrors refraction lenses dispersion. This, too, i shall ignore, except for a brief foray in section 2. Geometric optics converging lenses and mirrors physics lab iv objective in this set of lab exercises, the basic properties geometric optics concerning converging lenses and mirrors will be explored. A converging beam of light is incident upon the lens directed toward a virtual object o that is 60 cm from the lens. This optics workbook is going to save you and your students so much time in your physics and science classes. The most apparent distinction between mirrors and lenses are that mirrors reflect light rays light bounces back while light rays are refracted passthrough through a lens. Lenses have focal points on either side because light shines through either side.
Plane mirrors science and mathematics education research group supported by ubc teaching and learning enhancement fund 20122014 department of curriculum and pedagogy a place of mind f a c u l t y o f e d u c a t i o n. Edmund optics offers the worlds largest inventory of offtheshelf optical components, which includes an extensive selection of stock optical lenses such as achromatic lenses or aspheric lenses. Adjust the position of the lens and the slit plate to obtain parallel rays on the ray table. Lenses in optics applications types of lenses physics. This is a zipped folder containing a pdf and an editable version of each of the following. Images are formed by lenses and mirrors where light rays cross or focus. A concave mirror converges lights rays to a focal point and a convex lens does the same thing. Optical system that use multiple mirrorslenses sometimes use the image formed by the first. Place the paper on the ray table and adjust the mirror on top so that the rays are parallel to the optical axis. Reflectionmirrors mirrors reflective devices and lenses refractive devices are both apertures and are similar to each other. The focal length, f, is the distance between f and the lens. A spherical mirror consists of a small section of the surface of a sphere with one side of the surface covered with a polished reflecting material, usually silver or aluminum.
A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses elements, usually arranged along a common axis. A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction. Introduction to geometric optics for lenses and mirrors. Review the fundamentals of mirrors and lenses in geometric optics with this comprehensive online physics chapter. An educators guide with activities in science and mathematics eg20001064msfc 9 convex mirror object 3 1 c 2 f image i r optical axis introduction to lenses a simple lens is a piece of glass or plastic having two polished surfaces that each form part of a sphere or ball. Study guide the optics of mirrors use with text pages 558563 use the terms in the list below to fill in the blanks in the paragraphs about mirrors. Frankl your own mind is a sacred enclosure into which nothing harmful can enter except by your promotion. Finally, the magnification of a mirror or lens is given by the formula hh ss where h is the height of the image and h is the height of the object. Mirrors and lenses both have the ability to reflect or refract light.
The line through the centre of the lens is called the principle axis. A collection of electronic material related to the text is available atoptics. Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Our mission is to provide a free, worldclass education to anyone, anywhere. Difference between mirror and lens with comparison chart. Sign convention for spherical mirrors and thin lenses. It also includes optical data processing, which involves the manipulation of the information content of an image formed by coherent optical systems. This is because we observe the processes emission, reflection, scattering at a distance 10cms with bare eyes that are much longer than the wavelength of light 107. In order to solve a question in geometric optics, then, it is necessary to know the power of the optical system.
Broadband dielectric mirrors offer near total reflection over a wide spectral range and are very durable. Use the mirror equations to determine location, size, orientation, and nature of images formed with spherical mirrors. One of the new skills learned in this chapter is visualizing and drawing representations of how light is affected as it is reflected off a mirror or refracted by a lens. A spherical surface is simply some portion of the surface of a sphere.
A very interesting difference between a concave mirror and a convex lens is this. Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic, and are ground and polished or molded to a desired shape. Geometric optics intuition with mirrors and lenses concave convex diverging converging doc physics duration. A mirror will have only one focal point, which is in front of the mirror.
Optical images due to lenses and mirrors article pdf available in journal. For lenses, a real image forms on the opposite side of the object, as shown in figure 4. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as xrays, microwaves, and radio waves. Image formation for mirrors and lenses type focal length f object distance s image distance s character orientation size concave mirror converging lens f 0 s 2f f 2f real inverted enlarged s mirror diverging lens f 0 s lens made of glass of refractive index 1. Optical mirrors are used in a wide range of industries, such as life sciences, astronomy, metrology, semiconductor, or solar. Edmund optics offers a range of laser, flat, metal substrate, focusing, or. Concave converging mirror top and convex diverging mirror bottom. Rays parallel to the axis are focused through the second focal point, rays passing through the. Depending on the position of the object, the nature of image may vary, i.
Ifthe outside, or convex surface, is silvered, we have a convex mirror. In this lab you will study spherical lenses and mirrors. Many of edmund optics lenses are offered with a variety of coating options for the ultraviolet uv, visible, or infrared ir spectrums. Light waves can be bent and reflected to form new and sometimes altered images. Lenses and mirrors a lens is a transparent device with two curved surfaces, usually made of glass or plastic, that uses refraction to form an image of an object. This curriculum was developed for a seniorlevel optics course at brigham young university. Lenses lenses refract light in such a way that an image of the light source is formed. It first came into wide industrial use during the early sixteen hundreds in holland for microscopes and eyeglasses lippershey, leeuwenhoek, and also in england through robert hookean arch enemy of. Pdf optical images due to lenses and mirrors researchgate.
Images can also be formed by light reflected from curved mirrors. At the end of the presentation the ss will be able to differentiate. With a converging lens, paraxial rays that are parallel to the principal axis converge to the focal point, f. Optics workbook notes on light, reflection, refraction. Although it is possible to buy lenses that have aspherically curved surfaces, the vast majority of lenses have spherically curved surfaces. Mirrors and lenses are used to produce the image of whatever placed in front of it. At the end of the presentation, the ss will be able to correctly differentiate between the three types of mirrors. Two prisms can bend light toward the principal axis acting like a crude converging lens but cannot create a sharp focus. Geometrical optics has to do with the principles that govern the imageforming properties of lenses, mirrors, and other devices that make use of light.
Properties of lenses the lens is the an object central to the functioning of most optical systems. A mirror is usually of a glass or a metal, but a lens is of glass or plastic. Broadband metallic mirrors provide a good combination of performance and value over a very broad spectral range and are relatively insensitive to angle of incidence and polarization. Key ideas are summarized in tables and rules of thumb. For the curved mirror, a real image forms on the same side as the object, as shown in figure 2. This property has put mirrors and lenses in use for centuries. Lenses or mirrors with flat surfaces are said to have an infinite radius of curvature. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing. Lenses and how brain adapts to the image reflected or absorbed. Geometrical optics in describing the propagation of light as a wave we need to understand. Mirrors, which have curved surfaces designed to reflect rays, also form images. A lens will have two focal points, one on either side of the lens.
Understanding how light rays can be manipulated allows us to create better contact lenses, fiber optic cables, and high powered telescopes. Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. As of 2010, mirrors and lenses are so prevalent that most people use them every day, regardless of whether or not they consciously perceive the use. R is the radius of curvature and c 1r is the curvature of the surface. Optics handout on multiple lenses pdf three organizations that are leaders in optics and photonics are proud to be the national sponsors of the science olympiad optics events for division b and c. This method, long used in astronomical telescopes, is applied to longfocus lens systems of short overall length by folding the light path back onto itself.
Optical mirrors are designed to reflect light for a variety of applications, including beam steering, interferometry, imaging, or illumination. Mirrors and lenses discuss what happens when the direction of a ray of light is changed by a mirror or a lens. This editable, 64page workbook provides lessons and homework covering light, electromagnetic spectrum and types of em waves, protecting yourself from the suns radiation, light production, properties of light, images in plane mirrors, curved mirrors including ray diagrams. To the right of the lens is water refractive index 1. As a convention we will draw our diagrams in such a way that light incident upon the optical system is traveling from left to right. We offer an extensive variety of optical mirrors to provide an ideal solution for almost any application. Trace the outline of the mirror on a piece of paper. Mirrors and lenses reflection we describe the path of light as straightline rays reflection off a flat surface follows a simple rule. An optical system mirrors or lenses can produce an image of the object by redirecting the light. Spie is a notforprofit society that advances emerging technologies through interdisciplinary information exchange, continuing education.
523 1163 47 1583 1529 1339 1627 578 1463 892 407 1150 57 565 1681 410 798 1180 1532 82 1071 243 807 509 1242 1591 277 924 367 547 794 680 1244 1291 648 57 110 1111 470 1305 1146 643 1367 441 930 1357